Cavalier Poets
Poets of the 17th Century supported King Charles I Court poets got inspiration from Ben Johnson. The English Civil War was going on. Charles was interested in art and drama. Their purpose was not religious or secular themes; rather, their sole purpose was to write for royalty.
Metaphysical Movement
A 17th-century poet using extended conceit, the subject matter was Serious poetry. T. S. Eliot revived their Fashion.
Amatory Fiction
Around 1660 to 1730.
The novel was basically invented. Romance novels mostly come under this era, dominated by women Authors, who wrote a short form of fiction called a Novella. Eliza Haywood, Delarivier Manley, Aphra Behn, and James Sterling coined a term for them. The fair triumvirate of wit, Naughty triumvirate.
The Augustans
an 18th century
“Epistle to Augustus”, George II is addressed through this work.
Oliver Goldsmith has given them the term“Augustan”
Strum und Drang Movement
A 1760 to 1780s movement, in the English language, it means storm and drive & stress. It’s a Proto-Romantic movement in literature. Extreme emotions were at their peak. The term used in the play of Friedrich Maximilian Klinger’s Play Title “Strum und Drang” by Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller.
Romanticism
The 18th Century was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement. Major figures are William Wordsworth. S T. Coleridge and Robert Southey, who called the Lake Poets, lived in the Lake District. The younger generation included Lord Byron, Percy Byshe Shelley and John Keats.
Dark Romanticisms
American movement in reaction to Transcendentalism, Italian critic Mario Praz’s “Romantic Agony” coined the term. Proponents were Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville.
American Romanticism
More than poetry, work is done in fiction. They were interested in American History, in highlighting the dark aspects of the time period. The Main Figures were Nathaniel Hawthorne and Washington Irving.
Pre-Raphaelitism
They were intended to develop a connection between Romantic poetry and art. It was a seven-member brotherhood. They were named after the Italian Painter “Raphael” They were rooted in the Royal Academy. They rejected the Renaissance classic influence and turned towards Renaissance and Medieval art, and awakened the simplicity and truthfulness of that age. Particularly, their art had shown frank sexuality, and a great deal of they were criticised by the Victorians.
Transcendentalism
A 19th-century Movement depicted the Self-Reliance element. They had a rival view of spirituality and intellectualism, even against modern technology. It is linked with Unitarianism, a religious movement which strongly favoured the Power of the Individual and personal Freedom. Their thought reflect the spirit of Romanticism, popular figures included Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Realism
The term originated in French and Russian Literature. The mirror of reality. Proponents were William Dean Howells and Frank Norris.
Naturalism
Largely based on the French Author Emile Zola’s theory, a rejected Romanticism, Guy De Maupassant’s “The Neculous” short story.
Verismo
An Italian literary movement, which centres around the science of the Human Heart. It analyses a character’s psychology and its development. Hence, can really add depth and nuance to their story.
Decadent Movement
Joris-Karl Huysum’s Against NATURE novel is a prime Example. It broke into France and then spread across Europe to the US and others. Here, human creativity is above the natural world and logic. Metaphor and Symbolism were their literary devices.
Symbolism
In this category, writers were willing to reflect the Absolute truth in metaphoric form. Notable critics were Charles Baudelaire, Stephan Mallarmé, and Paul Valéry. They influenced Edgar Allen Poe and William Butler Yeats.
Futurism
Its origin was in Italy, in the work of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti’s Manifesto of Futurism, which flourished in both poetry and theatre, intellectual qualities, it followed a fixed style and pattern. Literary terms like Allegory and Irony were used.
Stream of consciousness
William James coined the term in his ‘Principles of Psychology based on a narrative device, like an interior monologue, where a performance thought process is vulnerable.
Modernism
The 20th-century movement was a revolutionary era.
Expressionism
A movement of poetry or painting mainly focuses on emotional experiences and expressions rather than physical reality. Those who were of German origin, in their thoughts, had rejected Realism. Franz Kafka was one among others.
Imagism
It's an Anglo-American poetry movement that reflects clear and sharp imagery. Hence, they rejected Sentiments and Victorian notions of poetry and followed Free Verse and description-based poetry. Ezra Pond, a leading figure. Therefore, it impacted Modern English Poetry.
20th Century War Poetry
Siegfried, Sasson, Rupert Brooke, Wilfred Owen.
The Lost Generation
European authors linked with it at the time of World War I. The term coined by Gertrude Stein in 1926, Earnest Hemingway revived it in “The Sun Also Rises”
Dadaism
Broke into Zurich, Switzerland, then spread into Europe and France, basically in reaction to WWI. They rejected logic, reasoning and aestheticism. Expressing nonsensical or Irrational concepts. Even the modern theatre of the Absurd was inspired by Dadaism. They inquired about political equality and were against the view of colonial interests.